| Gerunds can be used: |
| As the subject of a sentence (smoking is bad for you, drinking too much is unhealthy) |
| As the object of the sentence (after verbs like enjoy, hate, spend, stop etc) |
| After preposition and phrasal
verbs and as the complement of a verb (His hobby is collecting stamps;
he will keep on trying until he succeeds; she is great at swimming) |
| Infinitives are used: |
| As the subject of the sentence in formal or older style English (To err is human) |
| As the object of the sentence (after verbs like agree, decide, forget, try etc) |
| To express purpose; why someone does something (I am studying to pass my exam) |
| After adjectives which express
wishes or personal feeling about the importance of something or make a
value judgment (This is easy to understand) |
| The infinitive without to is used: |
| After most modal verbs (You mustn't smoke, He could run really quickly) |
| After make and let (You made him walk away, let me see that) |
Remember:
A gerund is the name for an
"-ing" form which acts like a noun.
The infinitive is another word for the base form of the verb, with or without
"to".
Gerunds and Infinitives
There are some verbs which can only to followed by the -ing form:
I
enjoy play
ing football (NOT
to play)
He finished singing (NOT He finished
to sing)
Verbs normally followed by -ing
| 1 |
Admit |
|
7 |
Excuse |
| 2 |
Avoid |
|
8 |
Finish |
| 3 |
Detest |
|
9 |
Forgive |
| 4 |
Dislike |
|
10 |
Imagine |
| 5 |
Enjoy |
|
11 |
Suggest |
| 6 |
Escape |
|
12 |
Understand |
After many verbs we use the infinitive:
Decide - She decided to study English
Pretend - They pretended to like the food
Start - It started to rain
Verbs normally followed by the infinitive
| 1 |
Ask |
|
9 |
Help |
| 2 |
Afford |
|
10 |
Learn |
| 3 |
Agree |
|
11 |
Need |
| 4 |
Choose |
|
12 |
Pretend |
| 5 |
Expect |
|
13 |
Promise |
| 6 |
Forget |
|
14 |
Refuse |
| 7 |
Remember |
|
15 |
Want |
| 8 |
Try |
|
16 |
Would like |
Some of the verbs that are followed by the infinitive can be followed by an object + infinitive:
Help - She helped him to do his homework
Remind - He reminded her to lock the door
Some verbs can be followed by either the infinitive or the -ing form with no change in meaning:
Love - I love to swim /swimming
Like - I like to shop / shopping
But, although some verbs can be followed by both the
infinitive and -ing with no great change in meaning, there are some
verbs where the meaning does change, these include:
Stop - I stopped smoking (I quit); I stopped to smoke (I stopped what I was doing so that I could smoke)
Remember - I remembered writing the e-mail (a memory); I remembered to write the e-mail (I didn't forget)
Now practise it